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Their physiology is barely diverged so their intellects are likely to remain similar. Espionage is frequently the theme of Romulan encounters, which would help keep them up to date. And if they procreate more frequently than every seven years, they might have a much larger population even with greater murderousness, with more people being advantageous for tech development.
It’s an event that tells an oppressed group to know their place, and reminds everyone that any attempt to turn the tables on the ruling class will result in a showily horrific punishment. What could possibly be more British?