You will take my thanks, be happy about! Dammit!

Think of it like the difference between renting and owning something. When you rent a home, you do not own it. You don’t get to choose. Want a nicer water heater? Not your choice. The owner takes 100% of the responsibility, but often isn’t penalized for misbehavior. So they can for instance, decide that they don’t like you, and you no longer can use their servers. Or perhaps they dislike other companies, and strip features from the rental agreement. Even worse, all your valuable data, along with everyone else’s, is all stored in a single valuable location, becoming a prime target for thieves. I half expect some of the “data breaches” we see are inside jobs, where the company leaves a loophole open, tells the “thieves” about it for a small sum of cash.

I personally like self hosting. Once you get into it, and understand how to reverse proxy, and set up a domain, you can essentially self host anything ridiculously easily. Like, for me, setting up a container, and funneling it into my reverse proxy maybe takes like 30-60 minutes, ironing out bugs and stuff? Sometimes if it’s particularly easy, it takes like 5 minutes lol.

N5105 nas board, 32-64gb of ram, 1x 500gb nvme SSD, some sort of case, and a bunch of HDDs, I like the 8tb ironwolfs, they are cheap enough, but large enough.

Maybe the n6005 if you can find it. But it’s a great server, handles most selfhost stuff. I run Ubuntu server on it, it’s just the cleanest and easiest to use, no GUI needed.

What’s nice is it’s super low power, and cheap. So you can eventually migrate to a more powerful Proxmox server, on minipcs, like NAB6, than just turn the n5105 into a TrueNAS server, and even duplicate it for backups, and triplicate (if you are really feeling it), for redundancy. Getting a 2nd and 3rd Proxmox minipcs enables HA on VMs. So yea. That’s my goal. ATM I gotta migrate to the Proxmox.

Currently yes. But in the future, no.

It would be to have two NAB6 mini PCs, I have seen them on Amazon and they are good machines. To those two machines install Proxmox and make them high availability.

Yea, but they won’t be High Availability unless you have 3. Proxmox assigns HA Dynamically, meaning the machines vote. So you need a odd number. BUT, a cluster of 2 should be fine. Migrate the VMs over, to power down and perform maintence.

And then to that add a box with Truenas for storage. This is what I see a bit more complicated. Can you advise me something to build that does not go too much price?

I really like the n5105 nas boards, and the jxxxxx nas boards. I went with n51505. Basically what “Wolfgang” did on YouTube. It’s more than powerful enough, perhaps overkill. But the benefit is it’s a lot of sata ports, on a mini it’s board, which is rare. You might find a better setup, I’m still planning this section out.

Only with the miniPc the budget would go to 900€, I currently have a synology ds220+ (that I plan to sell), with 2 4TB hard drives.

You could just do what I did initially. I just copied Wolfgang’s build. N5105 nas board, a nas case (I used the fractal node, in his video), and put 32gb of ram (overkill). And a psu with a 500gb nvme. You can install TrueNAS on here. Run everything on here, media server, containers, etc. set your drives to ZFS. Then when you want to expand, you can get the NAB6 or something different…

You need to plan for what you intend to do. The setup I recommended is for like many VMs, for home labbing enterprise software to learn it. In addition to home server stuff, like media, are, vault, cloud, immich, etc. even a few windows and Linux VMs. It’s A LOT. You can simplify it. You can even run proxmox on the n5105. And just set up a ceph ZFS storage pool.

First, Id make sure you have data lines setup. Get some PVC in the walls, and set yourself up to run data lines to every room.

I’d personally grab a NUC or 2, or honestly the NAB6 mini pc. Make them a Proxmox server, virtualize your apps in containers, or inside VMs. Getting 2 to 3 will enable High Availability for maintence.

I’d then build atleast 1 TrueNAS box, for storage. You can get 2 and create high availability here too. Additionally, you’ll want set of drives for backups of your TrueNAS server (the 2nd TrueNAS box isn’t a backup, it’s a redundant drive, very diff). That said, you could use the 2nd TrueNAS as a backup, until you have money to spring for a backup.

You’ll want a good router, you can run this on Proxmox, or just get separate hardware. Personally I’d get bare metal separate router. Than get a few switches, you’ll want 1 for PoE for your cameras, and 1 with 2.5 high networking, and youll want them all to have 10 gig, so they can communicate with each other quickly. (You don’t want a file transfer from 1 TrueNAS to the 2nd TrueNAS, to hog all your bandwidth between your switches, throttling your network speeds.). You’ll then want some Access Points that connect to your switches, over PoE, for wifi, Ubiquiti is really good here.

If you are gonna do all of this. Just run Proxmox on your Nucs, and set up VMs, and just containerize, even clustering.

Uh… You described next cloud. Not sure what exactly you dislike about it.

Obsidian.

1. Build your own router, segment your network. I suggest OpenWRT. Openwrt is less stream lined, which means you learn more. You’ll learn trunking, VLANs, sub netting, DNS. Do it all through CLI.

2. Reverse proxy, internal and external. Use Traefik or caddy.

3. Encryption keys. Seems simple. But learn and master ssh keys. The Internet works by communicating from point A to point B. And keys help encrypt the traffic. You should be able to type “ssh hostname” to get into any server you want access to, without the need for a password. Bonus points for finding a secure way to set cronjobs to automatically cycle keys, for security practice.

4. Docker machine. Master docker. Learn docker compose. Everything CLI.

5. Proxmox. Put everything on a VM or container. Create a nas, for storage for your VMs. Bonus if it’s strong enough to run many VMs, you can use to host a instance of any software that you are trying to learn. I for I stance am loading windows server 2022 and multiple windows 10 and 11 instances that I can control.

Do everything through CLI. Take notes on what you did (you won’t remember, it’s ok, no one remembers). Practice documentation.

A few reasons.

1. Privacy, you control your data. It doesn’t go to someone else’s server to sit.

2. Security. It’s on your server. Password managers are primarily targets for hackers, i don’t want to name names, cause I’m not 100% sure of the name. But, one pw manager was hacked like 3x in the past year or something. It’s on your server, you are less likely to be targeted for a huge data breach, and you get to manage your data. Not someone else who fucks up.

3. You can’t be banned, or have the provider suddenly change access to the server, thus losing your data. I will name names here. MyQ garage door opener by Chamberlain suddenly removed the smart home integration, since the whole system ran on their servers. Removing the functionality users paid for. But they don’t own it, so they just got fucked. Your data/service on someone else’s server, is actually their data/service, you are just a visitor.

So… Your issue isn’t going to be getting them what they need. Your issue is gonna be need High Availability and scalability. To give them info, you can create a VPN, or some sort of tunneling service. You can migrate to a cloud service such as azure, AWS, or Google cloud.

Scalability means that if your business expands, it’ll be easy for you to expand computing resources, without the need for redesign (this gets expensive). Also you don’t want to be stuck paying for services you don’t use. No sense buying a $1k server, if a $200 server does the job. But that $200 server might not be enough next week.

High Availability means, if the server your instance is on goes down, it will automatically populate on a different server, so your employees/interns never lose connectivity.

Once you decide that platform, you need someone who will administrate users and privileges, backups, basic IT support to those in the field.

This is typically what a MSP handles for businesses. Designing, the system, and the way the system is maintained is why ppl get paid the big bucks.

This is why, most businesses hire a IT professional to do this. They should know, saas, paas & iaas. Know which one is right for you, help you decide which cloud platform you go with, and which security measures you go with.

Now you’ll likely find a solution that works on this subreddit, you’ll likely find cheap solutions, overly expensive solutions, and secure and insecure solutions, and everything in between. I’d be looking to either hire a system administrator, or a MSP to set this up right from the getgo. If you feel you are up to that task, by all means. But, as someone who ran a business, and is now looking to get into this exact field. This is a full time job you are giving yourself.

Direct playback doesn’t require much compute power. Just run Ubuntu server on the pi, spin up the containers, and get a fairly large HDD. An external HDD should be fine.

Any transcoding will be a issue tho. Like, if you use Jellyfin, and it wants to transcode your subtitles (even tho it shouldn’t), you won’t be able to stream anything 😂. I had this exact issue, and it was kinda pathetic that couldn’t get subtitles to stop transcoding. It isn’t transcoding now, but I also have a way more powerful server.

If you want to go more powerful. I’d recommend the build on Wolfgang’s channel, with a N5105 NAS board, the N5105 is strong enough for 4k transcoding. It has 2x nvme, 6x sata, and up to 64gb of ram. Throw it in a decent case. I’d run Proxmox and Ubuntu server on Proxmox, this just makes it easy to backup your VM, in case something breaks and you want to rollback. At which point you can just throw HDDs in, or make them a ZFS pool, or a raid pool. Up to you.

First, I try not to have it owned by root. But some containers have special privileges that need to be followed.

So rsync -O will copy the directory retaining permissions and ownership of all files.

Media server.

You connect your torrent trackers to prowlarr as well as your download clients. Prowlarr automatically adds these things to the rest of the arrs, this way you have a single place to edit and manage your trackers.

Well… Thats a beast.

Proxmox. Run multiple VMs. 2 VMs for ubuntu server, run all your containers through that, perhaps kubernetes? This way if your containers go down, they just switch over. Super nice.

Than with all the extra resources… I mean, home lab for fun. Spin up windows server. Diff Linux distro. Learn arch, etc.

Uh… Ppl are typically running QBitTorrent or deluge, I like qbittorrent but it doesn’t matter. I use a image with a VPN included, but you can run a VPN separately too. Whatever you get working really.

Than you typically run a index manager like jackettt or prowlarr, prowlarr seems to be the most popular these days.

Than you run a few programs, radar, sonarr, reader, there is 1 for music as well, this actually uses the indexer to pull the torrents and put them on your torrent client.

Then you run a media request app, overseer or jellyseerr, probably jelly these days. Which allows you to search and request whatever media you want, which prompts the arts to do there thing, which prompts torrent app to do it’s thing.

Then lastly, you run a media server, like Plex, Jelly, Kodi, or Emby. Whichever you prefer…

If everything runs smoothly, you go to seerr, request media, than a little while later it’s on your media server.

You can add a few things, like ntfy to get notifications when your files are downloaded, or server is updated with the latest file. You can add a VPN to get access to your apps outside of network. Or a wire guard tunnels, to get in, or simply host on a domain.