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I am going to note that this was not well-expressed when you said ‘we can just pretend to have “reached infinity” and work with like any number’. To a lay person it would look as if you were suggesting that we non-rigorously treat one object (like the sequence (0.9, 0.99, 0.999,…)) as another (like the real number that that sequence converges to given the standard topology of the space of real numbers).
Just to be specific, as what a particular sequence converges to depends on the topology of the space where we are looking for a limit of the sequence. Hell, in non-Hausdorff spaces a sequence can have multiple limits (trivial case: anti-discrete space of cardinality greater than 1 will have every sequence converge to every point in it).