Political scientist Hanna Pfeifer identifies five distinct forms of genocide denial in German war discourse – showing how Germany explains Israel’s genocide in Gaza away, one concession at a time.

Type 1 / Moral Denial: The Principled Impossibility of an Israeli Genocide

Type 2 / Epistemological Denial: The Insurmountable Unknowability of Mass Violence

Type 3 / Ontological Denial: Bilateralising Unilateral Violence

Type 4 / Methodological Denial: The Uninvestigability of Intent

Type 5 / Authoritative Denial: Exclusive Legal Jurisdiction over Genocide Determination