An interesting article I saw (from 2019) describing the potential intrinsic tendency for decentralized platforms to collapse into de facto centralized ones.

Author identifies two extremes, “information dictatorship” and “information anarchy”, and the flaws of each, as well as a third option “information democracy” to try and capture the best aspects of decentralization while eschewing the worst.

Someone said the link is broken so here it is: https://rosenzweig.io/blog/the-federation-fallacy.html

  • BarackObama@lemmy.worldOP
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    1 year ago

    They don’t complain that not everybody will host their own server, quite the opposite:

    Nor is it enough to “save ourselves”, self-hosting our own decentralised digital islands, while ignoring the reality of the masses. We cannot close our eyes and rest, content with freedom in our personal bubble, ignoring the reality of our non-technical friends and family who do not enjoy the same luxuries of privacy and free speech.

    What I think they’re saying is that over time, people gravitate to the biggest instance (which seems to be happening right now with lemmy.world), which can lead to effects that work against the goals of decentralization.

    I’m not sure that they are personally advocating for anything particularly precise, but in the end of the article it mentions Wikipedia as an inspiration for the “information democracy” model.

    • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      They’re not advocating for federation at all, but their criticism of the fediverse is based on it supposedly falling short of the “dream” that everyone or at least every technically able person will host their own server:

      In the decentralised dream, every user hosts their own server. Every toddler and grandmother is required to become their own system administrator. This dream is an accessibility nightmare, for if advanced technical skills are the price to privacy, all but the technocratic elite are walled off from freedom.

      Federation is a compromise. Rather than everyone hosting their own systems, ideally every technically able person would host a system for themselves and for their friends, and everyone’s systems could connect. If I’m technically able, I can host an “instance” not only for myself but also my loved ones around me. In theory, through federation my friends and family could take back their computing from the conglomerates, by trusting me and ceding power to me to cover the burden of their system administration.

      None of the federated systems mentioned are dominated by one big player, and I don’t see why we should expect that to be the trend.

      • BarackObama@lemmy.worldOP
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        1 year ago

        The article contains a graph showing that (at least at the time it was written) Mastodon was strongly dominated by a single big player, with the top 3 instances holding 50% of users.

        • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          Clearly it cannot be dominated by a single big player if you have to add up the top three instances to get to 50% of the users

          • BarackObama@lemmy.worldOP
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            1 year ago

            Maybe I’m not quite following you. Out of 3070 instances, 50% were registered in just the top 3. Whether it’s the top 3 or top 1, doesn’t this clearly show a tendency to cluster into large centralized monoliths? This type of power-law clustering is ubiquitous in all kinds of human behavior, but this would correspond to a really high exponent value for the distribution.

            • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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              1 year ago

              3 is a different number from 1. If a single instance had over 50% of signups it would be reasonable to describe it as dominated by a single big player. If the biggest instance only has 20% or whatever the reality is, then it is not dominated by a single big player.

              Definitely there’s a tendency to centralize up from thousands of little shards to a few big professional units - though as we see in every one of these examples, that doesn’t mean the little ones have to disappear. You still have plenty of small email clients and small instances. What’s important is that if one big one goes down or goes evil the other big ones are there, and that there’s always the possibility of new small ones blowing up if they do something better than the big boys.

              • BarackObama@lemmy.worldOP
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                1 year ago

                Then it seems like we’re in agreement. The thrust of the article is not that the fediverse is bad, or that it doesn’t improve upon the FAANG cartel model, but rather that decentralization by itself is not a silver bullet. It also needs to include the “bottom-up consensus seeking” that e.g. Wikipedia uses for its decision making.

                • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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                  1 year ago

                  Yes I get what the article was arguing. My critique is that it doesn’t seem to have a firm grasp of the fediverse model, since it thinks there’s something problematic about the sizes of instances follows a power distribution and refers to “the federated ideal, where all instances are created equal” in the sense of having the same number of users.

                  • BarackObama@lemmy.worldOP
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                    1 year ago

                    They clearly don’t think that, since right after they said:

                    Of course, due to substantial inequality between instance size, we expect to see a power distribution, with a spike on the left that quickly falls and tapers out. Power laws govern much of the real world; many phenomena behave according to this unequal distribution.

                    But look at that graph. Calling this distribution a power law would be generous to say the least. There is a massive spike corresponding to just a few instances, and the rest of the graph is nearly invisible to the naked eye, so tiny and so overshadowed by just a few giants. Frankly, this distribution is closer to the Dirac delta function than a power law.

                    All of your comments in this thread seem to have been a strong defence against perceived criticisms of the Fediverse, when the article isn’t so much criticizing it as it’s proposing that it needs additional safeguards (besides decentralization) to ensure it remains aligned with users’ interests:

                    These are really disingenuous and uncharitable ways to read the article. I’m sure the author has a perfectly good understanding of the concept of Federation, as they detailed several examples, and they have a lot of experience in highly technical computer science work.

              • OasissisaO@lemmy.world
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                1 year ago

                3067 is a lot of ways to slice half a pie. I’d consider even 16.5% (or whatever the top dog of that 3 with 50% has) to be domination.

                • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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                  1 year ago

                  Hmm domination in what sense? Maybe in terms of winning the competition for biggest instance, but clearly that’s not big enough to impose their will on the whole.

                  • OasissisaO@lemmy.world
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                    1 year ago

                    It really depends. If you’re in a smaller instance and you look at the global view, you’re going to see more of Mr. 16.5% than one of the smaller ones.

                    Though I suspect usage patterns and the way users interact with instances beyond theirs will play a role. But, in an immediate sense, I could see larger instances having a bigger voice (so to speak).

                    And now I’ll waffle and say it’s all a crapshoot because people are unpredictable and social media platforms even more so.

      • OpenStars@kbin.social
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        1 year ago

        if advanced technical skills are the price to privacy, all but the technocratic elite are walled off from freedom

        I also seem to recall that you need to know how to drive a car in order to operate one safely? Where does this entitlement come from that you shouldn’t need to know anything in order to benefit from the hard work of others?

        Anyway, how hard is it to heat up pizza in an oven, to assemble a cake/cookies/etc. from a pre-made mix, or to follow any set of simple instructions really? The bare minimum requirements to get an instance off the ground probably are not all that high, and if there was a demand for such then people could even make installer packages (I would guess that the complexities come from configuration options and such, like which OS are you running, and from maintenance operations, etc., but those too could be streamlined, much easier than making cars self-driving).

        Anything is possible, if there is interest in making it happen.

        • psychothumbs@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          I actually do think it’s messed up that we make the ability to drive a car a prerequisite for living in most of the US - especially since our solution ends up being to make the driving test easy enough for everyone, even unsafe drivers, to pass, and then don’t do anything to make sure people continue to be able to drive safely.

          • OpenStars@kbin.social
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            1 year ago

            There are no “thoughts” behind that, and anything other than that would be “communism” (actually the word used would be socialism, but that exactly and precisely equals communism by those who would say that, leaving no room at all for interpretation, nuance, or subtlety, most especially how the most revered USA institutions are socialist i.e. sharing like schools, the post office prior to it being crippled 40 some odd years ago, police, firefighters, etc.).

            I find it ironic that the situation with Reddit is starting to parallel the decline of US democracy - it’s crumbling, but nobody cares. Sorry, I didn’t mean to get all political - but it’s hard not to when you talk about things like this, b/c that’s what governs our laws, at any scale.

    • r00ty@kbin.life
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      1 year ago

      On the one hand, this is indeed what is happening now, the largest instances for lemmy and kbin are taking the vast majority of the new users. I think though that this is because people are signing up before they know what they are signing up for.

      I think the point stands that while these large servers can handle the load while still federating fully, it’s not a real problem. The problem with classic centralised systems can be seen with reddit right now. People are leaving because they are enforcing changes on people and there is no alternative. Whereas here, if these larger instances decided to place some draconian measures, people could simply say “no thanks” and sign up elsewhere. That is not compromised by having huge instances. I don’t think these things can end the fediverse though.